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Like biological evolution, textiles also have gone through a lot of metamorphosis to reach the present day level. It is surprising to note that from time immemorial biological processing of textiles have taken place in one way or the other to
bleach, color and print. In this article we are focusing on various enzymes, eco-friendly processes and eco balancing.
INTRODUCTION
Enzymatic processing can simply be defined as the application of living organisms and their components to industrial products and processes. It is not an industry in itself, but an important technology that will have a large impact on many industrial sectors in the future.
enzymatic processing is the application of biological organisms, systems or processes to manufacturing industries. enzymatic processing firms will rely mainly on inexpensive substrates for biosynthesis, processes that will function at low temperatures, and will consume little energy.
In Textile Processing the Enzymatic removal of starch sizes from woven fabrics has been in use for most of this century and the fermentation vat is probably the oldest known dyeing process. What has given enzymatic processing a new impetus in the last few years has been the very rapid developments in genetic manipulation techniques which introduces the possibility of ‘tailoring’ organisms in order to optimize the production of established or novel metabolites of commercial importance and of transferring genetic material from one organism to another.
enzymatic processing also offers the potential for new industrial processes that require less energy and are based on renewable raw materials.
Various applications which entail enzyme and colors broadly included fading of denim and non-denim, bio-scouring, bio-polishing, silk degumming, carbonsing of wool, peroxide removal, washing of reactive dyes, etc. incidentally enzymes were consumed to the tune of about 70%in detergents than in textile industry.
Role of BIOTECHNOLOGY in Textile Processing
The major areas of applications of biotechnology in textile industry are,
• Improvement of plant varieties used in production of textile fibres and in fibres and in fibre properties
• Improvement of fibres derived from animals and health care of animals
• Novel fibres from biopolymers and genetically modified microorganisms
• Replacement of harsh and energy demanding chemical treatments by
Environment friendly routes to textile auxiliaries such as dyestuffs
• Novel uses for enzymes in textile finishing
• Development of low energy enzyme based detergents
• New diagnostic tools for detection for adulteration and quality control of textiles
• Waste managements
Role of Enzymes in Textile Processing
Enzymes are large protein molecules made up of long chain amino acids which are produced by living cells in plants, animals and microorganism such as bacteria of fungi.
Enzymes are secretions of living organisms, which catalyze biochemical reactions. Enzymes are biocatalysts without which no life in plant or animal kingdom can be sustained.
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