Desizing
Scouring
Bleaching
Mercerizing
Dyeing
Finishing
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Deactivate enzymes and makes it in-soluble some size materials
like starch and PVA.
Combine with soap, precipitate metal-organic acids. Produce
yellowing of off-white shades, reduce cleaning efficiency and water
absorption.
Decompose bleach baths.
Form insoluble metal oxides, reduce absorbency and luster Combine
with dyes changing their shades, in-soubise dyes, cause tippy
dyeing, reduce dye diffusion and hence results in poor washing and
rubbing fastness.
Dusting and white patches appear if the hardness is very high.
Form insoluble metal oxides, reduce absorbency and luster. Combine
with dyes changing their shades, make them in-soluble, cause tippy
dyeing, reduce dye diffusion and hence results in poor washing and rubbing fastness.
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