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Canvas Wet Processing

What is a Canvas Fabric?

Canvas is a plain weave fabric formed from cotton, linen, jute, cotton, hemp, or – today, when canvas has become a generic term for heavy, tightly-woven fabric - polyester. Canvas is heavy and dense and has applications in making tents, sails, tarpaulins, awnings, upholstery, umbrellas, shoe uppers, embossed wall coverings that form a substratum for paint or gilding, and totes. Additionally, canvas serves as a support for oil painting, and is the name for the mesh fabric on which embroidery and needlepoint are done. A “canvas” paper for inkjet printing has even been developed.

Canvas Fabric. Canvas is used in applications in which a thick, tough, durable fabric is required. Duck, from the Dutch word doek, which originally referred to a particular type of linen canvas used for garments for sailors - for instance, their white trousers - is now used for a selection of canvas, including army duck, awning duck, belting duck, boat duck, flat duck, hose duck, linen duck, number duck, ounce duck, sail duck, shoe duck, tent duck, and others. 

Processing of Technical Textiles:

The heavily constructed fabrics that are normally used as a canvas material for awnings and tents would have invariably 10ozs/sq.yard to 20 ozs/sq.yard. These fabrics are very to handle processing in regular machineries. Since these materials are very heavy, normally a length more than 100 meters from loom state is not possible to produce.

Mostly 100% cotton fabric is preferred in the market. But owing to the cost factor of cotton, PE, Acrylic, Jute, linen and hemp are some of the material blends are now available in the market.

From (shirt) collar lining, tents, awnings, military jeep tops etc., canvas materials are used in artistic drawing purpose too.

General Finishes of Canvas:

Due to its heavy nature, mostly canvas is used for rough and rugged purposes only. It would be exposed mostly to sun, rain and  to all seasonal and climatic conditions. So the purpose of canvas is to protect valuable men, machine and properties from the impact of nature. 

It is obvious that the required finishes on canvas fabric would be water proof ( resists water to penetrate), water repellant ( throw away water droplets and behaves like hydrophobic materials), fire proof (resists fire to spread), moth and rot proof ( withstand the action of microbes and moths).

Machineries for canvas processing:

CBR or CDR (Continuous Bleaching Ranges or Continuous Dyeing Ranges) could not be employed for processing due to practical reasons in handling. So, right from scouring and bleaching to dyeing and finishing would be carried out in heavy duty jumbo jiggers.

Drying of the processed fabric would be carried out mostly in Cylinder Drying Machines and heavy duty pin stenters.

Process Sequences: 

1. Process Sequence for Dyed/Water Proof/Rot Proof

2. Process Sequence for Bleached/Water Proof/Water Proof

3. Process Sequence for Bleached/Collar Lining Finish

4. Process Sequence for Fire Retardant Finish

5. Process Sequence for Dyed/Water Repellant Finish