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How Higher TDS Affects Finsihing
Total dissolved solids: TDS depending on their nature generally cause harshness, coloration (Yellowing/dullening) and sometimes undesirable sensitivity to skin (presence of salts) Hardness in water: Where hard water is used it is necessary to determine that there is no bicarbonate hardness, as this will neutralize the slight acidity required where acidic conditions are required. The bicarbonate hardness will continue to be present even after normal ion exchange, unless properly designed hydrogen cycle and blending is included in the ion exchange treatment system. The calcium and magnesium permanent hardness is relatively less interfering in the case of cationic softeners, except that they are likely to cause harsh feel to the fabric. Mg and Ca hardness will generally precipitate anionic softeners. Non-ionic softeners are also not so much affected Absence of awareness of the influencing characteristics of the substrate on the finishing chemicals and or the process conditions would lead to unsatisfactory results.
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