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Color Related Terms
Achromatic: A design without
color or hue. Therefore it is in neutral grays, white, or black.
Analogous: Similar or alike in
elements or design.
B/ W: Black and white.
Brightness: The dimension of a
color hat represents it’s similarity to one of a series of achromatic
colors. The relative lightness or darkness of a color. It is measured
in percentages of black as 0%, and white as 100%.
Channel: Image components that
contain the pixel information for any given color. Grayscale = 1; RGB=3;
and CMYK=4.A frequency of band that represents color value, such as
CMYK, or RGB.
Chroma: The aspect of color in
the Munsell Color system by which a sample appears to differ from a
gray of the same brightness or lightness that corresponds to
saturation of the perceives color.
Color Mapping: The terminology
that permits the “best match” in appearance to the “source image”.
Color Balance: A state of
equilibrium between colors in a design.
Color Book: A hard copy of your
colors calibrated for your printer and useful in color matching.
Color Characteristics: Features
of defining a specific hue.
Color Emphasis: Singling out a
specific hue or range of hues.
Color Mapping: To depict
specific colors based on their characteristics.
Color Modes: An arrangement or
order of colors such as CMYK, RGB, and LAB.
Color Properties: Characteristic
Attributes possessed by individual hues.
Color Scheme: The gamut or range
of colors that can be seen in the chosen color picker.
Color Wheel: The color picker
that is used on the Macintosh to display the entire range of color
space available.
Color way: A series of color
choices made by the designer to indicate the “season’s” color
selection of the line.
Complementary: The color
directly opposite another on the color wheel and providing the
greatest chromatic contrast to it.
Cool Colors: Greens, Blues, and
Violets.
Duotone: Any design or print
created by using two shades of the same hue.
Earth Tones: Hues that are
representative of earthly colors, such as brown and reds.
Gamut: The range of hues that a
device can output. Refers to image devices such as scanners, monitors,
and printers that can only display a “subset” of all visible colors.
Colors that can see on the monitor can be closely matched to the
colors that will be printed out if the devices can “see” the same
gamut.
Gradient: Color in shades from
one starting point to another gradually blending in between. A grade
change in a hue.
Halftone: A design created by
the gradations of that same hue. Lightness of a color depending on its
hue or saturation.
Hue: Color reflected from or
transmitted through an object. It is a measured location on a standard
color wheel and it is expressed in degrees of 0 to 360. A particular
gradations of a color; a shade or tint.
Intensity: Degree of color
saturation. The strength of a color.
Jewel Tones: Hues that are
representative of bright jewel colors, such as gold’s, and blues.
Monochromatic: A design
appearing to have only one color and gradations of that color
Monotone: Having a single color.
Neutral: A color that lacks hue.
Ombre: The blending and
gradation of multiple colors to create a continuous blend of the
differing hues.
Opacity: The density of a color
or shade. Ranging from transparent to opaque. The reduction of light
through a color.
Pastels: Soft, delicate hues.
Primary Colors: RGB. The true
colors developed from a solar beam that can be mixed in many
percentages to get secondary and tertiary colors.
Resolution: The DPI or dots per
inch of a design. Measured by how many dots or pixels are in one inch
of a design. The measurement of the fineness or detail. The higher the
resolution the finer the detail.
Saturation: Vividness of a hue.
Another name is Chroma, Which is strength or purity of a color.
Saturation represents the amount of grey in proportion to a hue. It is
measured in percentages of 0% grey to 100% (fully saturated).
Shade: The degree of a color a
color is mixed with black.
Spectrum: A range of values of
hues in a set.
Tint: A shade or gradation of a
color.
Value: The relative darkness or
lightness of a color.
Warm colors: Reds, yellow, and
orange.
Scanning Terms
B/ W: Black or white image or
drawing.
Brightness: Setting the overall
“whiteness” of an image.
Contrast: The comparing of light
and dark on an image, such as low = gray (light).
Dithering: Creating dots to
“fool the eye” into seeing shades of gray.
DPI: The measurement of an image
resolution in dots per inch, such as 300 DPI, or 150 DPI.
Grayscale: The range of grays
form white to black.
Halftone: Used in the making of
black and white images to appear to have shades of gray.
Image: Usually a photograph that
is “translated into a bitmapped” image by scanning.
Original: Art, photograph,
transparency, or other item to be scanned.
Image Type: This could refer to
the options of B/W. or gray, or color.
Pixel: A single dot on a monitor
or on digital image.
Previous Size: Used to control
the size of an image to reduce size and/or scanning time.
Resolution: Measuring the
fineness or detail of an image. The higher the resolution, the finer
the detail.
Fabric Printing
Methods
Blotch Printing: Printing
instead of dying the ground color of a fabric. The result is that the
reverse side of the fabric is typically white.
Digital Printing: Although this
is a broad title, it typically refers to micro-sized droplets of inks
or dyes that are placed directly onto the surface of the substrate via
an ink jet print head. The substrate used and the amount of the
droplets applied are directly determined but the date contained in the
original image file and therefore translate into color quality of the
print.
Discharge Printing: Using
chlorine or other chemical to remove areas or previously applied color
on a fabric and replace with areas of white patterns on a colored
ground.
Dye Sublimation: Printing that
occurs when a sublimation of dyes in transferred from a carrier roll
and applied to the fabric/ substrate through the application of heat.
Electrostatic: Typically each
color is printed individually via an electric charge that actually
attracts the toner (ink) particles.
Heat Transfer Printing: This
method involves transferring patterns or prints that were previously
preprinted on rolls of paper and applying the prints via relatively
high-heat transfer printing machines directly to the surface of the
fabric.
Ink Jet: Detailed information of
digital printing involves the following:
a. Continuous refers to ink
that is continuously applied by channels of pressure forming steam
droplets.
b. Drop on Demand refers to
images formed by ink droplets applied by pressure and released onto
the substrate.
c. Thermal Pressure is
created by a gas bubble within the nozzle that forces droplets of ink
onto the substrate.
d. Solid Inks are stored
and melted and applied as needed to substrate.
Rotary Screen Printing: Hollow,
perforated nickel screen cylinders are prepared for each individual
pattern color involved in a design. Color is then forced sequentially
through the metal rollers directly to the surface of the fabric.
Screen Printing: Method of
adding a print via one color per screen, one at a time.
Spray Jet: A Spray nozzle
individually applies color directly to the substrate.
Thermal Wax: Sometimes referred
to as resin transfer, it is wax or resin. Individual colors are then
applied directly to the substrate via a roll format film carrier.
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